Building codes recommend safe exit routes, particularly in bedrooms. A common requirement is to have windows that are close to the ground and large enough to climb out. This may mean cutting down foundations and constructing a window. Window installations in the basement allow in light and provide an easy escape route in the event of an emergency. Nevertheless, before initiating the process of installing windows in the basement, it is advisable to check the requirements with the relevant local authorities or building department. The steps for installing windows in the basement include:

Step 1: Determine location

It is important to determine the location for your window by finding the wall that provides the best light. Furthermore, determine the effect on the home's exterior and the obstacles you will have to deal with while installing the window. Usually, the best source of light originates from the east and then south. Windows on the east offer a rich source of morning light, while windows on the south provide even light year-round.

It is important to be on the lookout for obstacles, such as buried utilities, indoor wiring, shrubbery and ductwork. When you have more obstacles to move around, the project becomes more complex, expensive and time-consuming.  It is advisable to use buried utility marking to avoid interfering or hitting electrical lines, cable, sewer lines, gas and water.  

Step 2: Determine size

Visit a home center or a window dealer to pick a manufacturer's brochure that can help you know the available window sizes, this will go a long way in helping you plan your window size. Determine the location of the window and mark the outline using masking tape. Measure the width and height of the window using a tape measure. The exact dimensions should be recorded to determine the size kit to buy.

If you are installing more than one window, it is advisable to get the measurements of each, in case the dimensions differ slightly from each other. Take a sketch of the plan to the local building inspector to get a permit. Furthermore, the local code officials will be ready to help you with the details. Construct a temporary wall of about 3 inches back from the location of the window to help support the ceiling as the window opening is cut out.

Step 3: Drill pilot holes

Drill pilot holes through the basement at each corner and the center at the bottom and top lines. The drill should be made through the wall using a hammer drill. If your basement is constructed using concrete walls, it is advisable to hire a professional to cut the wall. Hiring a contractor can cost you about $6,000-$8,000.

If you choose to undertake the project yourself, you can expect to spend about $1,500 on tool rental, refuse container fees and materials. Nevertheless, a rented 14-inch concrete saw with diamond blades can be used to cut a half inch groove inside the basement wall and continue around ending where you started.

Step 4: Cut the wall

Complete the cut by making the same cuts on the exterior wall by following the marked outlines. Once cut, the blocks do not fall out from the wall. The four lb. hammer can be used to break the blocks so that the opening can be created, but make sure to wear protection over your eyes. Once the block is broken out, the sides of the opening will not align perfectly. The sides can be made smooth on the sides using a brick chisel. Fill up the exposed wall with concrete and stuff newspapers into them in order to prevent the concrete from falling through them and then cover the area with plastic sheeting.  

Step 5: Install the window

Remove the temporary concrete wall and its plastic sheeting. Center the window and level it using cedar shims in the opening. Seek for help to carefully steady the window as you shim it. Screw 3-inch deck screws partially on the wooden sill of the window and push them into the concrete. Hoist into place the header frame and screw it through the ceiling joists. Cut the sides in order to help them fit between the openings, hold them in place and screw them to the header and the sill. Anchor the frame's sides to the wall of the basement with concrete screws. Seal gaps between the window frame and the window with exterior caulk.

Step 6: Dry window

Create a bevel beneath the window by way of wetting the ledge, add mortar and form the bevel using a small trowel. Allow the set window to dry completely, which is a process that could take 2 or 3 days depending on the degree of dampness of the basement. Furthermore, staple plastic sheeting to hang from the supporting wall in order to contain dust particles, sealing off the location between the joists on the ceiling.